考虑二期荷载的高填明洞加筋减载土压力计算     

李盛  马莉  王起才  李建新  李善珍  张延杰 《岩土力学》2015,36(11):3229-3234

随着城市建设的迅速发展,既有高填明洞填土顶面将不可避免地出现新增结构物等二期荷载的情况。为了明确明洞回填完成后新增二期荷载对其顶部垂直土压力的影响,在已有明洞减载结构土压力计算公式的基础上,利用土体沉降弹性理论计算公式建立了土工格栅变形与土体沉降变形的关系,并考虑二期荷载作用,进一步完善了高填明洞减载前后的洞顶垂直土压力计算公式。建立数值分析模型,将数值分析结果与文中公式计算结果进行了对比。结果表明：公式计算与数值分析结果较为接近,表现出相同的规律性;有无减载措施对明洞回填土压力影响较大,填土越高,减载越显著,实际作用在明洞顶土压力越小。新增二期荷载作用下的明洞顶垂直土压力计算,应考虑其对土体沉降变形的影响,而非简单叠加。  相似文献   

多孔介质中水泥浆三维锋面特征研究     

冯啸  李术才  刘人太  张乐文  王健  王慧涛  郑卓 《岩土力学》2015,36(11):3171-3179

深层渗滤效应普遍存在于多孔介质的渗透注浆过程中,并起着非常重要的作用。基于质量守恒方程、线性滤过定律、渗流连续性方程及Darcy定律,建立了水泥浆三维锋面的理论模型;通过现场试验,研究了水泥浆三维锋面扩散运移及沉积层渗透系数的变化规律,并将试验值与模型理论值进行了对比分析。结果表明,沉积层渗透系数随水泥浆锋面的扩散运移动态变化;当注浆压力恒定时,水灰比越小,深层渗滤效应越显著,浆液扩散距离相应越短;相同扩散距离时,受重力效应的影响,注浆点源之上的沉积层渗透系数大于注浆点源之下的沉积层渗透系数;浆液扩散距离及固定位置处的沉积层渗透系数均与水灰比呈正相关。研究成果可指导工程设计,具有一定的实际应用价值。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系低煤阶煤层气系统演化     

晋香兰  张泓 《煤田地质与勘探》2014,42(5):17-24

低煤阶煤层气作为一种非常规天然气资源,具有良好的勘探开发前景。我国低煤阶煤层气资源丰富,进行低煤阶煤层气系统演化分析,对其富集成藏及开发具有重要的理论意义。鄂尔多斯盆地煤层甲烷的碳同位素δ13C₁为–33.1‰~–80.0‰,氢同位素δ_CH4为–235‰~–268‰。该盆地侏罗系煤层气藏主要有次生生物气与热成因气构成的混合型煤层气藏和热成因气藏两种类型。据构造热事件、煤层气组分及成因,结合不同阶段的煤层埋深、变质程度和生气特征等,将鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系低煤阶煤层气系统演化划分为4个阶段:煤系浅埋–原生生物气阶段﹑煤系深埋–热成因气阶段﹑煤系抬升–吸附气逃逸散失阶段﹑煤系局部沉降–次生生物气补充阶段。其中,煤系深埋–热成因气阶段和局部沉降–次生生物气阶段是低煤阶煤层气资源的主要形成阶段。次生生物气的补充是鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系低煤阶煤层气成功开发的重要气源。鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系煤层气藏应属于单斜式富气成藏模式。   相似文献   

贵州碳酸盐岩红色风化壳次生石英的裂变径迹测年研究   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

王世杰  刘秀明  张峰 《地球化学》2005,34(1):33-40

贵州位于青藏高原东南缘,由于缺乏沉积记录其新生代的地质演化历史还不很明晰,而广泛分布于云贵高原的碳酸盐岩红色风化壳可能蕴涵着重要的地质演化信息.本文对贵州多个原位碳酸盐岩红色风化壳中产出的晶体形态较好的石英进行了裂变径迹方法测年.结果显示,石英的裂变径迹年龄数据呈现出较大的变化范围,从 1 Ma到 25 Ma,且远远地小于其三叠纪和寒武纪的母岩年龄;结合贵州 25 Ma到 1 Ma的区域地质演化历史,裂变径迹年龄值可以排除石英来源于母岩碎屑、成岩过程的次生形成以及火山活动产生的热水沉淀或交代形成的可能性,而只能推断为该晶体形态较好的石英于碳酸盐岩风化作用产生的富硅流体中沉淀形成;各剖面石英的年龄值与新生代的青藏高原夷平期、华南红土期、贵州构造稳定期乃至世界范围内的风化气候期有着良好的对应关系,说明次生石英裂变径迹测年具有很好的可行性和可靠性.  相似文献   

Hydrogeochemical effects of secondary forest in Guangxi Nongla karst areas in China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xinhui Deng  Zhongcheng Jiang 《Environmental Geology》2009,56(5):921-926

Rainfall, throughfall, stemflow and spring were studied in a secondary forest during a wet season from April to August in 2006. Some of the chemicals in throughfall, stemflow and spring were increased in contrast with incident rainfall. Specifically, Cl⁻, HCO₃ ⁻, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ were leached negatively in throughfall, but K⁺ and Mg²⁺ were leached positively. In stemflow, Cl⁻ and Na⁺ were leached negatively, the others were leached positively and their concentrations were higher than those in throughfall. Total carbon, organic carbon and inorganic carbon in throughfall and stemflow were increased as rainfall went through the secondary forest. The concentration of free CO₂ in rainfall was lower than both, throughfall and stemflow; the relationship between total acidity and free CO₂ was linear. pH of throughfall and stemflow , such as maximum, minimum and mean, were lower than that of rainfall and the extent of pH in spring was changed minimally. We came to a conclusion that rainfall via the secondary forest can lead to further erosion, accelerate the biogeochemical cycle in epikarst zone, enhance the effective state of alkali elements in the soil, supply vegetation with more nutrients and advance vegetation’s growth and succession, which are reasonably sufficient to form a stable karst ecosystem.  相似文献   

大庆长垣以西地区扶余油层次生孔隙预测   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

黄文彪  卢双舫  孟元林  李占东  郭殿军  潘坚  幺忠文 《沉积学报》2009,27(3):419-426

为了在普遍低孔、低渗的背景下寻找次生孔隙发育的储层,在次生孔隙形成机制分析和储层成岩作用研究的基础上,结合考虑影响次生孔隙形成的多种因素,对大庆长垣以西地区扶余油层次生孔隙发育区进行预测。研究表明,该地区次生孔隙的形成主要受青山口组下排有机酸和碳酸的影响,且受到断层的控制和超压的影响,次生孔隙主要分布在齐家地区和龙虎泡阶地等凹陷周边区域,在西部斜坡区亦发育由大气水淋滤所形成的次生孔隙。在次生孔隙发育区,若发育岩性圈闭或构造圈闭,则为有利的油气聚集场所。   相似文献   

复合体系有机气体氧化生成二次有机气溶胶研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

陈晓文  李坤  李建龙  杜林 《大气科学学报》2023,46(5):641-654

生物源与人为源有机气体氧化形成的二次有机气溶胶(SOA)对气候变化和人类健康具有重要影响。SOA的产生与其前体物研究已取得了一些进展,但由于有机气体之间存在复合相互作用以及SOA形成机制复杂,目前对不同有机气体混合体系中SOA的形成认知还比较匮乏。因此,深入了解有机气体多源、复杂的相互作用,摸清有机气体的大气氧化机制、SOA的形成及影响等对深入理解真实大气有机气体化学演变具有指导意义。本文旨在了解复合体系有机气体氧化生成SOA的相关研究进展。一方面总结了复合体系有机气体产生SOA质量浓度、产率、成分、挥发性、光学性质等的变化,侧重于实验室复合体系有机气体氧化对SOA形成的多重影响以及SOA组成元素、分子构成的变化特征,并总结了目前实验室基于模型对复合体系SOA生成的模拟研究和拟合情况;另一方面探究了环境因素,如相对湿度(RH)、温度(T)以及无机气体,如氮氧化物(NO_x)、二氧化硫(SO₂)、氨气(NH₃)等对复合体系有机气体形成SOA的影响。  相似文献   

Length‐mass models for some common New Zealand littoral‐benthic macroinvertebrates,with a note on within‐taxon variability in parameter values among published models     

Rick J. Stoffels  Stefanie Karbe  Rachel A. Paterson 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):449-460

Regression models are developed and presented to predict dry mass (mg) from two linear dimensions (mm) for 17 benthic macroinvertebrate taxa common to littoral zones of New Zealand lakes. We also provide regression models to predict body length from head capsule width for the major insect taxa. Dry mass was best explained as a power function of all linear dimensions: M = aL _b .Parameters are presented in the log₁₀‐transformed linear form of this power function. Body length was a simple linear function of head capsule width for all insect taxa, hence parameters for these models are presented as untransformed values. We also provide family level models for the Chironomidae, and compare our chironomid body length‐mass model with other published Chrionomidae length‐mass models. There was a very high degree of variability in parameter values among published length‐mass models for the family Chironomidae (mean coefficient of variation for mass at length = 148%). We discuss the potential causes and implications of this variability.  相似文献   

The effect of membrane filtration on estimates of microbial ATP in New Zealand freshwaters     

R.D. Pridmore  C.W. Hickey  J. E. Hewitt 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3-4):311-315

Concentrations of microbial ATP in 15 New Zealand lakes were determined using 2 extraction techniques. ATP was found in both the paniculate (>0.45 μm) and dissolved (<0.45 μm) fractions of the water samples. Higher concentrations of paniculate ATP were obtained when ATP was extracted directly from freshwater samples rather than following pre‐concentration on to membrane filters. Recovery of particulate ATP declined with increasing volumes of sample filtered. The magnitude of the filtration effect varied unpredictably between lakes and within lakes with time. Corrections for the presence of dissolved ATP were necessary before estimates of particulate ATP could be made by the direct extraction technique. Concentrations of dissolved ATP up to 1.2 μg L^‐1 were observed. The direct extraction technique is recommended for more accurate determination of particulate ATP in New Zealand freshwaters.  相似文献   

A pleistocene mummified ostracod from the Wairarapa district     

Stephen H. Eagar 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):607-609

A mummified specimen of Scottia insularis Chapman is recorded from beds of Upper Nukumaruan age (Pleistocene) at Gladstone in the Wairarapa Valley. This is the first record of a mummified species from New Zealand.  相似文献